P p and n p and n d e d a t a carburetor and I have the following power supply system. When
rotating the crankshaft begins to operate the fuel pump, which sucks
through the strainer of the fuel tank and pumps it to the carburetor
float chamber. Before the pump, or after it passes through the fuel fine filter fuel. When
the piston in the cylinder of the gun down the float chamber follows
the fuel, and is sucked through the air filter cleaned air.
The jet of air mixed with fuel in the mixing chamber to form a combustible mixture. The inlet valve opens and the fuel-air mixture enters the cylinder, which burns at a certain time step. After combustion of the exhaust valve opens and the combustion products enter the pipeline in the muffler, and then output to the atmosphere.
Fuel lines are steel tubes, which connect all the devices of motor fuel.
For the preparation of a mixture of tiny particles or fumes to the air - fuel mixture - is the carburetor, which may consist of a float chamber to the float and needle valve, spray chamber, the inlet chamber to the choke, the mixing chamber with a diffuser; throttle.
To seal the connections between the systems used cardboard carburetor gaskets or rubber gaskets oil and petrol resistance.
A device that regulates the fuel supply is in the fuel cell. It consists of a float and needle valve. In the mixing chamber, made in the form of a pipe, a tapered neck - the diffuser, which entered the tube from the float chamber - diffuser.
From the float chamber dispenser has a well-defined shape and cross hole - nozzle. Below the diffuser is the throttle. Location of the throttle controls the amount of supply of combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. In addition to its supply of fuel-air mixture is adjusted by increasing the speed of the crankshaft. The level of fuel in the float chamber is reduced, along with the float falls, opening up access to the fuel.
The more the throttle is opened, the greater the air flow rate increases and increases in the discharge end of the gun. The amount of fuel flowing through the fuel injector will increase. However, the enrichment of the mixture prevents the flow of air through an air nozzle that reduces the negative pressure in the fuel jet. As a result of a gun into the mixing chamber receives no petrol, and its emulsion (a mixture of gasoline with air) and in the range from idling to full load fuel-air mixture is depleted of necessary staff.
All devices connected to the engine fuel system of steel tubes - fuel lines. At low speed shaft kolenachatogo for cooking fuel mixture system is idle. As the throttle is almost closed, discharging a gun is so small that the fuel from the main metering system from functioning. At idle, the cylinders is a lot of exhaust gases with respect to the number of the incoming fuel-air mixture. The working mixture burns slowly, so the stable operation of the engine it needs to enrich the fuel. To enrich the fuel is supplied to the throttle in the region of maximum rarefaction.
System consists of the idle fuel jet of idling, the air jet and adjusting screw. Under throttle creates a greater vacuum. Under the influence of the discharge passes through the fuel jet of idling and mixed with air from an air jet, and then in the form of an emulsion derived from a hole under the throttle. The idling has two holes: one hole is located above the throttle, the other below it. At low speeds of the crankshaft through the bottom hole follows the fuel emulsion, and through the top hole sucked the air.
If the throttle is opened, the emulsion enters the combustion chamber through the two holes that allows you to seamlessly go from idle speed to low loads. Orifice is changed by rotating the bottom hole of the adjusting screw. Due to changes in channel cross-section of emulsion can change the quality of supply of combustible mixture. When wrapping a mixture adjustment screw is depleted, the screwing out - enriched.
Stop screw heads throttle controls the amount of incoming mixture. If the screw vvertyvat, the throttle is opened, increasing the number of incoming mixture, which will increase the speed of the engine crankshaft. If the screw choke wrench, throttle closed, the number of the incoming mixture is reduced to decrease the number of revolutions of the crankshaft.
To enrich the fuel mixture at full load and overclocked the car when the throttle is not fully opened, is the economizer. It consists of a valve, which is pressed onto the seat springs, jet and parts of the drive. Economizer valve lever fixedly mounted on the axis of the throttle. The valve is activated when the throttle is opened almost completely and provides an additional fuel supply to the gun.
Since the main metering device provides a smooth depletion of the combustible mixture during the transition from low to medium engine loads, ie, adjusted for the preparation of the composition of the depleted fuel mixture, to obtain maximum engine power is necessary to enrich the mixture. Enrichment is achieved using a mixture of the economizer, when fuel goes to the gun, not only through the main jet, but also through the economizer valve. In this case, the main metering system and economizer, together, provide a rich mixture, which is necessary for high-power engine.
To enrich the fuel mixture during heavy throttle, for engine throttle response, ie, the possibility of a sharp transition from small to large loads, is the accelerator pump, which consists of a well, rod, rods, levers, discharge valve and check valve. When the throttle is opened quickly, the spring is compressed and the piston, moving downward pressure on fuel. Water hammer fuel check valve closes and opens the discharge. Fuel enters the gun through the mixing chamber. The spring decompresses and continues to move the piston down for 1-2 sec, which makes it possible to inject an additional portion of the fuel.
With a sharp throttle the air enters the mixing chamber is much faster than the supply of fuel through the jets and sprays, which leads to a drastic depletion of the combustible mixture and can cause the motor to stop. To avoid this, you need to force the injection of gasoline into the mixing chamber for short-term enrichment of the combustible mixture. Performs this task and the acceleration pump.
To enrich the mixture during starting and warming up the engine starter is the starter. It is a flap with a drive from the cab driver. In order to prevent an excessive concentration in the mixture of air damper may be a valve that opens under the pressure of the atmosphere in the event of a significant dilution in the mixing chamber of the carburetor after engine start. Throttle position is controlled by a cable, derived in the cockpit. Simultaneously with the closing of the throttle slightly open the choke does not allow the engine to stop. The axis of the air damper in the inlet valve is installed asymmetrically, so that under the action of the pressure difference of air flow on both sides of the damper, it sought to open up.
This design prevents the mixture from the throttle pereobogascheniya at start and at the same time, it does not stop the engine, as the mix is automatically enriched with a decrease in the number of revolutions of the crankshaft.
To improve the content and uniform distribution of the combustible mixture to the combustion chambers of cylinders used triple-carburetor. In this case, the main metering device provides a pneumatic brake fuel, which compensates for the composition of the combustible mixture. In the body of the carburetor are two mixing chambers. Each camera feeds its own group of cylinders. Float chamber, the suction pipe with a choke, accelerator pump and economizer are common to both chambers and the carburetor.
To limit the maximum speed of the engine crankshaft is a limiter, which consists of a centrifugal sensor and pneumatic diaphragm mechanism. The sensor is attached to the cover distribution of gears, its rotor is rotated by the engine camshaft. The actuator is attached to the carburetor, affects the throttle. The sensor is connected to the actuator duct and the suction nozzle carburetor. If the engine speed does not exceed the maximum value, the valve is opened the sensor and the upper and lower chamber of the actuator in communication with the suction nozzle and the mixing chamber carburetor. On the throttle at this time the mechanism is not affected.
In the event the excess value of the frequency of the crankshaft to which regulated the sensor, the valve rotor by centrifugal force closes the channel access of air into the cavity under the diaphragm. In this vacuum, transferred from the mixing chamber creates a force to move the diaphragm upward. Through the lever and stem are covered with throttle and engine speed exceeds the set value. Under the action of the spring is stretched, the device returns to its original position and the throttle opening. Modern automotive carburetor system of power is often replaced by injector fuel injection systems, injection system, a system of central single-point fuel injection. The advantage of fuel injection system compared to the carburetor is the absence of additional resistance to air flow in a venturi carburetor. This improves the filling of the combustion chambers of cylinders and obtain a higher engine power improved cylinder scavenging through the use of the possibility of a longer period of valve overlap, improving the quality of preparation of the working mixture in the combustion chambers by blowing clean air without admixture of steam power, provides a greater degree of optimization of the labor mixture at all engine operating conditions, taking into account its technical condition, contributes to a more precise composition of the mixture distribution of fuel in the cylinders, which makes it possible to use gasoline with lower octane.
Distributed injection refers to the most perfect. The basic functional unit of an electronic control unit, which is a vehicle on-board computer. Fuel injection system includes a subsystem of the air with the throttle, a subsystem of the fuel injectors with one for each cylinder, system recovery and liquefaction of gas fumes, exhaust gas after-burning system. The electronic control unit also performs self-diagnostic and diagnostic functions.
In the system of the central single-point injection fuel delivery by means of a central unit with a single injection of an electromagnetic fuel injector, but its main difference is the absence of a separate for each cylinder fuel injection. The distribution of the combustible mixture in the cylinders is the same as in the carburetor system.The power supply system of diesel engine
The power supply system of diesel engine is designed to ensure a sufficient supply of fuel to the car, clean fuel and distribute it to the engine cylinders are strictly dosed in portions according to the order of work, speed and load operating mode of the engine. The main difference between the diesel engine from the carburetor as follows. In a diesel engine clean air is sucked into the cylinders and they are subjected to high compression ratio. As a consequence, in the cylinder creates a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of diesel fuel.
When the piston is almost at the top dead center, in a highly compressed, the temperature reaches +600 ° C air is injected diesel fuel, which consists of a mixture of kerosene, gas oil and solyarovyh fractions. Diesel fuel is lit by itself, spark plugs are not required. To achieve a high temperature of the compressed air engine is cold, in every cell of the vortex engine is a spark plug. In addition, the diesel engine is equipped with an accelerator run in the cold state, which is included on the instrument panel button, or automatically.
From the fuel tank diesel fuel is sucked into a high pressure pump through the fuel filter, which traps water and dirt. Fuel is supplied only if there is no air in the system. The pump creates the necessary injection pressure and fuel is distributed to the cylinders. Amount of injected fuel is regulated by pressing the gas pedal. After jet fuel is fed into the antechamber of the cylinder. Since the diesel engine does not need the ignition and the cycle is not interrupted by power failure in the ignition filament in the construction of the diesel engine provides the solenoid valve. When the ignition voltage across it disappears and the channel closes the fuel receipt.
In the power supply system of diesel engine truck (KAMAZ-740) enters the fuel tank, air prefilter, fine filter air, fuel pump, high pressure fuel pump with the speed controller and automatic clutch timing of fuel injection, fuel injectors, high pressure pipes low-pressure piping, air filter, exhaust gas, exhaust silencers.
Fuel delivery is carried out by two routes: high and low pressure. In the line of low pressure fuel is stored, it is filtered and feed under low pressure to the fuel pump pressure. In the line of high-pressure ensures flow and injecting the necessary amount of fuel into the engine cylinders at the moment. Fuel pump delivers fuel from the tank through the filters of coarse and fine filter on the low-pressure fuel line to the fuel pump pressure, which is in accordance with the order of the cylinders for high pressure fuel line delivers fuel to the injectors. The nozzles are located in the cylinder heads, squirt and spray fuel into the engine combustion chamber. Since the fuel pump delivers fuel pump high pressure fuel more than you need, then its excess, and with it got air in the system of drainage pipes drained back into the tank.
High pressure fuel pump is the main instrument of power diesels. It is intended for a strictly uniform giving a certain dose of fuel to the engine nozzles under high pressure for a certain period of time according to the order of the cylinders of the engine. It consists of the same section by the number of engine cylinders. The section includes a housing, a plunger sleeve (sleeve), plunger, rotary bushing, outlet valve, which is pinned to the sleeve fitting plunger through the gasket.
The jet of air mixed with fuel in the mixing chamber to form a combustible mixture. The inlet valve opens and the fuel-air mixture enters the cylinder, which burns at a certain time step. After combustion of the exhaust valve opens and the combustion products enter the pipeline in the muffler, and then output to the atmosphere.
Fuel lines are steel tubes, which connect all the devices of motor fuel.
For the preparation of a mixture of tiny particles or fumes to the air - fuel mixture - is the carburetor, which may consist of a float chamber to the float and needle valve, spray chamber, the inlet chamber to the choke, the mixing chamber with a diffuser; throttle.
To seal the connections between the systems used cardboard carburetor gaskets or rubber gaskets oil and petrol resistance.
A device that regulates the fuel supply is in the fuel cell. It consists of a float and needle valve. In the mixing chamber, made in the form of a pipe, a tapered neck - the diffuser, which entered the tube from the float chamber - diffuser.
From the float chamber dispenser has a well-defined shape and cross hole - nozzle. Below the diffuser is the throttle. Location of the throttle controls the amount of supply of combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. In addition to its supply of fuel-air mixture is adjusted by increasing the speed of the crankshaft. The level of fuel in the float chamber is reduced, along with the float falls, opening up access to the fuel.
The more the throttle is opened, the greater the air flow rate increases and increases in the discharge end of the gun. The amount of fuel flowing through the fuel injector will increase. However, the enrichment of the mixture prevents the flow of air through an air nozzle that reduces the negative pressure in the fuel jet. As a result of a gun into the mixing chamber receives no petrol, and its emulsion (a mixture of gasoline with air) and in the range from idling to full load fuel-air mixture is depleted of necessary staff.
All devices connected to the engine fuel system of steel tubes - fuel lines. At low speed shaft kolenachatogo for cooking fuel mixture system is idle. As the throttle is almost closed, discharging a gun is so small that the fuel from the main metering system from functioning. At idle, the cylinders is a lot of exhaust gases with respect to the number of the incoming fuel-air mixture. The working mixture burns slowly, so the stable operation of the engine it needs to enrich the fuel. To enrich the fuel is supplied to the throttle in the region of maximum rarefaction.
System consists of the idle fuel jet of idling, the air jet and adjusting screw. Under throttle creates a greater vacuum. Under the influence of the discharge passes through the fuel jet of idling and mixed with air from an air jet, and then in the form of an emulsion derived from a hole under the throttle. The idling has two holes: one hole is located above the throttle, the other below it. At low speeds of the crankshaft through the bottom hole follows the fuel emulsion, and through the top hole sucked the air.
If the throttle is opened, the emulsion enters the combustion chamber through the two holes that allows you to seamlessly go from idle speed to low loads. Orifice is changed by rotating the bottom hole of the adjusting screw. Due to changes in channel cross-section of emulsion can change the quality of supply of combustible mixture. When wrapping a mixture adjustment screw is depleted, the screwing out - enriched.
Stop screw heads throttle controls the amount of incoming mixture. If the screw vvertyvat, the throttle is opened, increasing the number of incoming mixture, which will increase the speed of the engine crankshaft. If the screw choke wrench, throttle closed, the number of the incoming mixture is reduced to decrease the number of revolutions of the crankshaft.
To enrich the fuel mixture at full load and overclocked the car when the throttle is not fully opened, is the economizer. It consists of a valve, which is pressed onto the seat springs, jet and parts of the drive. Economizer valve lever fixedly mounted on the axis of the throttle. The valve is activated when the throttle is opened almost completely and provides an additional fuel supply to the gun.
Since the main metering device provides a smooth depletion of the combustible mixture during the transition from low to medium engine loads, ie, adjusted for the preparation of the composition of the depleted fuel mixture, to obtain maximum engine power is necessary to enrich the mixture. Enrichment is achieved using a mixture of the economizer, when fuel goes to the gun, not only through the main jet, but also through the economizer valve. In this case, the main metering system and economizer, together, provide a rich mixture, which is necessary for high-power engine.
To enrich the fuel mixture during heavy throttle, for engine throttle response, ie, the possibility of a sharp transition from small to large loads, is the accelerator pump, which consists of a well, rod, rods, levers, discharge valve and check valve. When the throttle is opened quickly, the spring is compressed and the piston, moving downward pressure on fuel. Water hammer fuel check valve closes and opens the discharge. Fuel enters the gun through the mixing chamber. The spring decompresses and continues to move the piston down for 1-2 sec, which makes it possible to inject an additional portion of the fuel.
With a sharp throttle the air enters the mixing chamber is much faster than the supply of fuel through the jets and sprays, which leads to a drastic depletion of the combustible mixture and can cause the motor to stop. To avoid this, you need to force the injection of gasoline into the mixing chamber for short-term enrichment of the combustible mixture. Performs this task and the acceleration pump.
To enrich the mixture during starting and warming up the engine starter is the starter. It is a flap with a drive from the cab driver. In order to prevent an excessive concentration in the mixture of air damper may be a valve that opens under the pressure of the atmosphere in the event of a significant dilution in the mixing chamber of the carburetor after engine start. Throttle position is controlled by a cable, derived in the cockpit. Simultaneously with the closing of the throttle slightly open the choke does not allow the engine to stop. The axis of the air damper in the inlet valve is installed asymmetrically, so that under the action of the pressure difference of air flow on both sides of the damper, it sought to open up.
This design prevents the mixture from the throttle pereobogascheniya at start and at the same time, it does not stop the engine, as the mix is automatically enriched with a decrease in the number of revolutions of the crankshaft.
To improve the content and uniform distribution of the combustible mixture to the combustion chambers of cylinders used triple-carburetor. In this case, the main metering device provides a pneumatic brake fuel, which compensates for the composition of the combustible mixture. In the body of the carburetor are two mixing chambers. Each camera feeds its own group of cylinders. Float chamber, the suction pipe with a choke, accelerator pump and economizer are common to both chambers and the carburetor.
To limit the maximum speed of the engine crankshaft is a limiter, which consists of a centrifugal sensor and pneumatic diaphragm mechanism. The sensor is attached to the cover distribution of gears, its rotor is rotated by the engine camshaft. The actuator is attached to the carburetor, affects the throttle. The sensor is connected to the actuator duct and the suction nozzle carburetor. If the engine speed does not exceed the maximum value, the valve is opened the sensor and the upper and lower chamber of the actuator in communication with the suction nozzle and the mixing chamber carburetor. On the throttle at this time the mechanism is not affected.
In the event the excess value of the frequency of the crankshaft to which regulated the sensor, the valve rotor by centrifugal force closes the channel access of air into the cavity under the diaphragm. In this vacuum, transferred from the mixing chamber creates a force to move the diaphragm upward. Through the lever and stem are covered with throttle and engine speed exceeds the set value. Under the action of the spring is stretched, the device returns to its original position and the throttle opening. Modern automotive carburetor system of power is often replaced by injector fuel injection systems, injection system, a system of central single-point fuel injection. The advantage of fuel injection system compared to the carburetor is the absence of additional resistance to air flow in a venturi carburetor. This improves the filling of the combustion chambers of cylinders and obtain a higher engine power improved cylinder scavenging through the use of the possibility of a longer period of valve overlap, improving the quality of preparation of the working mixture in the combustion chambers by blowing clean air without admixture of steam power, provides a greater degree of optimization of the labor mixture at all engine operating conditions, taking into account its technical condition, contributes to a more precise composition of the mixture distribution of fuel in the cylinders, which makes it possible to use gasoline with lower octane.
Distributed injection refers to the most perfect. The basic functional unit of an electronic control unit, which is a vehicle on-board computer. Fuel injection system includes a subsystem of the air with the throttle, a subsystem of the fuel injectors with one for each cylinder, system recovery and liquefaction of gas fumes, exhaust gas after-burning system. The electronic control unit also performs self-diagnostic and diagnostic functions.
In the system of the central single-point injection fuel delivery by means of a central unit with a single injection of an electromagnetic fuel injector, but its main difference is the absence of a separate for each cylinder fuel injection. The distribution of the combustible mixture in the cylinders is the same as in the carburetor system.The power supply system of diesel engine
The power supply system of diesel engine is designed to ensure a sufficient supply of fuel to the car, clean fuel and distribute it to the engine cylinders are strictly dosed in portions according to the order of work, speed and load operating mode of the engine. The main difference between the diesel engine from the carburetor as follows. In a diesel engine clean air is sucked into the cylinders and they are subjected to high compression ratio. As a consequence, in the cylinder creates a temperature higher than the ignition temperature of diesel fuel.
When the piston is almost at the top dead center, in a highly compressed, the temperature reaches +600 ° C air is injected diesel fuel, which consists of a mixture of kerosene, gas oil and solyarovyh fractions. Diesel fuel is lit by itself, spark plugs are not required. To achieve a high temperature of the compressed air engine is cold, in every cell of the vortex engine is a spark plug. In addition, the diesel engine is equipped with an accelerator run in the cold state, which is included on the instrument panel button, or automatically.
From the fuel tank diesel fuel is sucked into a high pressure pump through the fuel filter, which traps water and dirt. Fuel is supplied only if there is no air in the system. The pump creates the necessary injection pressure and fuel is distributed to the cylinders. Amount of injected fuel is regulated by pressing the gas pedal. After jet fuel is fed into the antechamber of the cylinder. Since the diesel engine does not need the ignition and the cycle is not interrupted by power failure in the ignition filament in the construction of the diesel engine provides the solenoid valve. When the ignition voltage across it disappears and the channel closes the fuel receipt.
In the power supply system of diesel engine truck (KAMAZ-740) enters the fuel tank, air prefilter, fine filter air, fuel pump, high pressure fuel pump with the speed controller and automatic clutch timing of fuel injection, fuel injectors, high pressure pipes low-pressure piping, air filter, exhaust gas, exhaust silencers.
Fuel delivery is carried out by two routes: high and low pressure. In the line of low pressure fuel is stored, it is filtered and feed under low pressure to the fuel pump pressure. In the line of high-pressure ensures flow and injecting the necessary amount of fuel into the engine cylinders at the moment. Fuel pump delivers fuel from the tank through the filters of coarse and fine filter on the low-pressure fuel line to the fuel pump pressure, which is in accordance with the order of the cylinders for high pressure fuel line delivers fuel to the injectors. The nozzles are located in the cylinder heads, squirt and spray fuel into the engine combustion chamber. Since the fuel pump delivers fuel pump high pressure fuel more than you need, then its excess, and with it got air in the system of drainage pipes drained back into the tank.
High pressure fuel pump is the main instrument of power diesels. It is intended for a strictly uniform giving a certain dose of fuel to the engine nozzles under high pressure for a certain period of time according to the order of the cylinders of the engine. It consists of the same section by the number of engine cylinders. The section includes a housing, a plunger sleeve (sleeve), plunger, rotary bushing, outlet valve, which is pinned to the sleeve fitting plunger through the gasket.
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